Pud can develop in the lower esophagus, stomach, duodenum. This revolution, based on advances in cellular biology, pharmacology, and health care delivery, has changed forever the treatment of. The predominant causes in the united states are infection with helicobacter pylori and use of nonsteroidal anti. Many people who habitually take nsaids or aspirin have concurrent. Peptic ulcer disease msd manual professional edition. The bicarbonate within and under the mucus helps neutralize stomach acid. Whereas surgery was previously a frequent solution for chronic peptic ulcer disease,2 this is now almost exclusively reserved for the emergency situ ation and in.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Gitu, md, florida state university college of medicine family medicine. Peptic ulcer disease usually occurs in the stomach and proximal duodenum. In united states alone around 4 million individuals are affected. Fakhreyaseri h, shakaraby m, bradaran hr, soltani arabshahi sk, fakhre yaseri am 2014. Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease rtt symptoms.
Peptic ulcer disease ppt medical specialties clinical. In this fundamental study it was shown for the first time that maximal acid output as induced by histalog considerably overlaps between healthy subjects and. A understand the pathophysiology of acute and chronic peptic ulcer b know the possible causes of gastric and duodenal ulcers with emphasis on most common causes h pylori and drugs c recognize the gross and microscopic features of peptic ulcer d recognize the clinical features and consequences of acute and chronic peptic ulcer. A dull or burning pain in the stomach is the most common symptom of peptic ulcers stomach ulcers.
Favors gastric metaplasia in the first part of duodenum. Peptic ulcer disease stomach gastroenterology scribd. Case study on peptic ulcer disease free download as powerpoint presentation. Historically, our understanding of the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease focused on abnormalities in the secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, and on. Heterogeneity is the most important consideration in the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease. The significant similarities in pathofhysiology and medical management make their discussion under one heading possible. Peptic ulcer disease continued during 19751996, from 4 p. Drug therapy in peptic ulcer disease the treatment of peptic ulcer disease has undergone a revolution in the past decade. Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease free download as word doc. Recent evidence indicates genetic and familial factors in duodenal ulcer and increased acidpepsin secretion in response to a variety of stimuli.
The stomach lining is maintained by the gastric mucus to prevent irritation, however, because of certain factors, the stomach lining becomes irritated for prolonged periods. Rare before the end of the previous century, peptic ulcer became increasingly frequent, reaching a peak during the next 50 years and afflicting as many as 10 per cent of men. Factors concerned with mucosal defense are relatively more im. Although pud is most commonly caused by helicobacter pylori infection or use of nonsteroidal anti. Approximately 500,000 new cases are reported each year, with 5 million people affected in the united states alone. An estimated 15,000 deaths per year occur as a consequence of complication of peptic ulcers. Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease springerlink. Decreased mucosal defense against gastric acid is another cause. Peptic ulcer, because of its frequency and wide distribution throughout the world, continues to be the subject of numerous investigations, both experimental and clinicopathological. Excessive gastric acid secretion is only one factor in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Before the discovery of h2receptor antagonists various antiacids were used, but had to be used at frequent intervals in order to be affective. Peptic ulcer has unquestionably been a disease of the twentieth century. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 2.
Peptic ulcer disease is an excavation hollowedout area that forms in the mucosal wall of the stomach. Peptic ulcer disease including both gastric and duodenal ulcer form a substantial part of patients seeking surgical opinion worldwide. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease depend on ulcer location and patient age. A condition in wc there is discontinuity in the entire thickness of the gastric or duodenal mucosa break in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum penetrating down to the muscularis mucosa. Duodenal ulcer the peptic ulcer having a sore on the upper part of small intestine causes h. Peptic ulcer disease deaths in the philippines reached 6,234 or 1. Peptic ulcer disease symptoms, treatment, pathophysiology. A peptic ulcer may be referred to as a gastric, duodenal, or. Start studying pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease and h pylori. Risk factors peak incidence of duodenal ulcers between ages 25 and 50.
Crohns disease is an inflammatory disease of the intestines that can affect any part. The evolution of knowledge regarding etiopathogenesis of peptic acid disease from aciddriven disease to an infectious disease has opened up this topic for various. Acid perfusion of duodenal ulcer craters and ulcer pain. Over the last 2 decades significant advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease. The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease springerlink. Acute ulcers and erosions present clinically with gastrointestinal bleeding or perforation. The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease pubmed. Peptic ulcer disease pud abc medicine nursing school notes nursing schools med surg nursing nursing information peptic ulcer medical surgical nursing rn school nursing mnemonics pathophysiology nursing. Peptic ulcer can occur at any age, although they are rare in children. However, it is also becoming clear that of all the abnormal functions noted, few are present in all subjects and many are clustered in subgroups. Gastric ulcers are associated with corpus gastritis, which is believed to damage the epithelium 24.
Peptic ulcer disease is common condition throughout the world. Peptic ulcer disease is one of the most common disorders in the united states, accounting for a significant portion of visits to medical providers. The pain is described as burning or gnawing, or sometimes as a sensation of hunger. It follows a chronic course characterized by remission and exacerbation, commonly requiring surgery. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Peptic ulcer disease pud is defined as the mucosal break of the upper gastro intestinal tract due to acid peptic digestion resulting in ulcer formation which extends beyond the muscularis. Pain is most common, often localized to the epigastrium and relieved by food or antacids. The epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum secrete mucus as a result of cholinergic stimulation in response to irritation of the epithelial lining. Peptic ulcer disease remains an important cause of morbidity and health care costs. Aug 10, 2014 a duodenal ulcer is a circumscribed lesion in the mucosal membranes of the proximal part of the small intestines. Peptic ulcer disease represents a serious medical problem.
Peptic ulcer disease pudabc medicine nursing information. Peptic ulcer disease pud is a sore on the lining of the duodenum or stomach which occurs when the presence of some aggressive factors overwhelm that of the protective factors mucin secretion. Peptic ulcer disease includes both gastric and duodenal ulcers which posed a major threat to the worlds population over the past two centuries with a high morbidity and mortality. Helicobacter pylori hp in patients with suspected peptic ulcer disease pud. Menguy, md, chicago, illinois although it has been customary to klbel all ulcerating lesions in the gastroduodcnal area under the heading of peptic ulcer, it has become abundantly clear in recent years that there are fundamental differences between various types of mucosal lesions attecting the gastroduodenal segment of the alimentary tract and that. Maximal histalog test in control subjects and patients with peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcer disease in slesinger and fordtrans gastrointestinal and liver disease, 9, 2010. The concept of acid in peptic ulcer disease, which was the basis of treatment of peptic ulcer was revolutionized by the discovery of h 2receptor antagonists, that led to the principle of acid suppression therapy for duodenal ulcer which followed decades of. An overview of history, pathogenesis and treatment of. People who take nsaids such as aspirin and ibuprofen longterm or are infected with the bacteria h. Duodenal ulcer nursing case studies with pathophysiology and. Ulcers are caused by an infection of a bacterium known as helicobacter pylori or h.
Peptic ulcer disease ppt free download as powerpoint presentation. Peptic ulcer dse pathophysiology free download as powerpoint. Apr 12, 2019 the nursing goals of a client with a peptic ulcer disease include reducing or eliminating contributing factors, promoting comfort measures, promoting optimal nutrition, decreasing anxiety with increased knowledge of disease, management, and prevention of ulcer recurrence and preventing complications. Factors concerned with mucosal defense are relatively more important than aggressive factors such as acid and pepsin. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment for gastric vs. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Lifestyle, stress, and genes in peptic ulcer disease. Peptic ulcer disease pud is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. Peptic ulcer, lesion that occurs primarily in the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum the upper segment of the small intestine. Erosion of a circumscribed area of mucous membrane is the cause. A peptic ulcer is a defect in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extends through the muscularis mucosa into the deeper layers of the wall. Peptic ulcer disease online medical video lecturio. Hostile factors no gastric acid, no peptic ulcer is a misconception. Nursing school notes nursing schools med surg nursing nursing information peptic ulcer medical surgical nursing rn school nursing mnemonics pathophysiology nursing.
Mar 25, 2020 peptic ulcer disease can involve the stomach or duodenum. A peptic ulcer stomach ulcer is a sore on the lining of your stomach or duodenum. Diagnosis and treatment of peptic ulcer disease and h. The natural history of peptic ulcer ranges from healing without intervention to the development of complications with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality, such as bleeding and perforation.
Interestingly, those at the highest risk of contracting peptic ulcer disease are those generations born around the middle of the 20th century. Definition peptic ulcer disease involves ulcers, circumscribed breaks in the mucosa, involving the duodenum duodenal ulcers, the stomach gastric ulcers and less commonly the distal esophagus and the jejunum. The mucus coats the inside of the stomach to protect it from being damaged by acid and digestive enzymes. Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer free download as word doc.
The interaction of these two factors in peptic ulcer disease is controversial. Definition of peptic ulcer epidemiology risk factors pathophysiology causes clinical manifestation diagnosis treatment prevention peptic ulcer. Peptic ulcers may present with dyspeptic or other gastrointestinal symptoms, or may be initially asymptomatic and then present with complications such as. Pathophysiology, complications, health perception and management duodenal ulcer, diagnostic studies, nursing care plan. In this respect it occupies a place secondary only to carcinoma in the field of gastroenterology. A basic paradigm for ulcer disease is the imbalance between the digestive activity of acid and pepsin and the protective mechanisms in place to resist mucosal digestion. Walsh, mdt recent advanccs have led to improved understanding of peptic ulcer pathophysiology. Peptic ulcer dse pathophysiology peptic ulcer stomach scribd. An ulcer in the stomach is called a gastric ulcer, while one in the first part of the intestines is a duodenal ulcer.
Case study on peptic ulcer disease peptic ulcer nausea. Peptic ulcer disease or simply peptic ulcer is the presence of ulcerations in the gastrointestinal tract, which is characterized by being acidic and extremely painful. Pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease and h pylori. Here are five 5 nursing care plans ncp for peptic ulcer disease. The most common causes of peptic ulcers are infection with the bacterium helicobacter pylori h. Knowledge about causes of peptic ulcer disease united.
Jan 24, 2019 pathophysiology of peptic ulcer peptic ulcers are defects or corrosions in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extend through the muscularis mucosa. Gastric and duodenal ulcers usually cannot be differentiated based on history alone, although some findings may be suggestive see ddx. The most drastic change has been the recognition of the association between peptic ulcer disease and h. Ulcerations in the git involve mucosal erosions of more than 0. Peptic ulcer disease stomach gastrointestinal tract scribd. Introduction to gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Pylori ellison nsaids syndrome helicobacter pylori infection. Eradication of the infection heals peptic ulcer disease, restores normal acid secretion and prevents ulcer relapse 25. Until recently the factors responsible for peptic ulcers remained unclear. Peptic ulcer disease free download as powerpoint presentation. When these defense mechanisms are disrupted, for example, by the bacterium helicobacter pylori or aspirin, people may develop gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. Epigastric pain is the most common symptom of both gastric and duodenal ulcers, characterized by a gnawing or burning sensation and that occurs after. Duodenal ulcer nursing case studies with pathophysiology.
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